Senin, 09 Februari 2009

Star Trek MEASUREMENT and STAR DATE

MEASUREMENTS

We use the metric system for most close and small measurements, such as distance of another vessel lying alongside, its size, etc. For long measurements, such as distance between stars, we use light-year measuremen. For example, the closest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri, which is 4.2 light years away. Other stars in our galaxy are hundreds or thousands of light years away. NOTE: The writer need not trouble himself with computing or studying such terms—we have excellent technical advisers who review all scripts.


For those who are interested, the term PARSEC is also used In measuring vast distance$—PARSEC is 3.26 light years, or 19.2 trillion mllcs—206,265 times the radius of the Earth’s orbit. (Parallax of one second.) However, the writer should keep in mind that the audience often needs more understandable measurements, and we often vary the above statements, such as: “That alien ship is more than a mile in diameter!” Or, “That ship is a million miles away, and we’re still being probed by its sensors!” Generally, we use the more precise scientific measuring terms in giving and answering bridge commands, go to the less scientific but more understandable “audience terminology” in exclamations and in private conversations. Present-day example—the weaponry ontrol officers of a modem-day naval vessel ‘win always be very precise in giving aiming orders, but might remark conversationally to the man next to them, “Theyre still a mile out of range.”
Excerpt from Star Trek Guide

In order to avoid problems in communicating over these vast distances, Roddenberry decided on the term “subspace radio.” It is explained as follows:

SUBSPACE RADIO

Lieutenant Uhura, Communications Officer, sits at this control station. We use the term “subapace” since it is fiecessary that communications from the Enterprise to its bases are a “space warp” effect which travels at speeds far exceeding even that of the Enterprise. If we did not have such “subpace” or “space warp” communications, obviously the Enterprise could warp oft to a base and return laster than a message could be sent there.
Excerpt from STAR TREK Guide


Another problem involved in deep space travel is time. How do you express tithe when there is no point of reference to make it mead anything, such as we have here on Earth? Our own time on Earth is based on months and years, which are strictly terrestrial cycles tied to the sun and moon. At the other end of the galaxy the cycle doesn’t mean a thing. As a matter of fact, the cycle changes from planet to planet let alone from solar system to solar system!

It seems logical, therefore, that some sort of time-keeping system would be established in order to solve the problem. Such a system would undoubtedly have to be based on a highly scientific and mathematically complex formula.
Not so, with STAR TREK’s “Star Date.”

Gene says:
IN THE BEGINNING, INVENTED THE TERM “STAR DATE” SIMPLY TO KEEP FROM TYPING OURSELVES DOWN TO 2265 A.D., OR SHOULD IT BE 2312 A.D.? I WANTED US WELL IN THE FUTURE BUT WITHOUT ARGUING APPROXIMATELY WHICH CENTURy THIS OR THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN INVENTED OR SUPERSEDED. WHEN WE BEGAN MAKING EPISODES, WE WOULD USE A STAR DATE SUCH As 2317 ONE WEEK, AND THEN A WEEK LATER WHEN WE MADE THE NEXT EPISODE WE WOULD MOVE THE STAR DATE UP TO 2942, AN)) SO ON. UNFORTUNATELY, HOWEVER, THE EPISODES ARE NOT AIRED IN THE SAME ORDER IN WHICH WE FILM THEM. SO WE BEGAN TO GET COMPLAINTS FROM THE VIEWERS, ASKING, “HOW COME ONE WEEK THE STAR DATE IS 2891, THE NEXT WEEK IT’S 2337, AND THEN THE WEEK AFTER IT’S 3414?” IN ANSWERING THESE QUESTIONS, I CAME UP WITH THE STATEMENT THAT ‘11115 TIME SYSTEM ADJUSTS FOR SnIFFS IN RELATIVE TIME WHICH OCCUR DUE TO THE VESSEL’S SPEED AND SPACE WARP CAPABILITY. IT HAS LITTLE RELATIONSHIP TO EARTH’S TIME AS WE KNOW IT. ONE HOUR ABOARD THE U.S.S. ENTERPRISE AT DIFFERENT TIMES MAY EQUAL AS LITTLE AS THREE EARTH HOURS. THE STAR DATE SPECIFIED iN THE LOG ENTRY MUST BE COMPUTED AGAINST THE SPEED OF THE VESSEL, THE SPACE WARP, AND ITS POSiTION WITHIN OUR GALAXY, IN ORDER TO GIVE A MEANINGFUL READING.” THEREFORE STAR DATE WOULD BE ONE THING AT ONE POINT. IN THE GALAXY AND SOMETHING ELSE AGAIN AT ANOTHER POINT IN THE GALAXY. I’M NOT QUITE SURE WHAT I MEANT BY THAT EXPLANATION, BUT A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE INDICATED IT MAKES SENSE. IF SO, I’VE BEEN LUCKY AGAIN, AND I’D JUST AS SOON FORGET THE WHOLE THING BEFORE I’M ASKED ANY FURTHER QUESTIONS ABOUT IT

The history of the making of STAR TREK is full of examples of things being invented for the show and later cropping up again in real life in some form or another.

One example involves the “alert” sound made by the communicators. The sound, which was picked because it cut through most other sounds and immediately caught everyone’s attention, is used as a dramatic device to alert people. Not long ago the studio received a call from a research group at a hospital, inquiring about STAR TREK’s “marvelous beeping sound.” It seems they were designing a new cardiac-arrest ward and needed a sound that would cut through all other noises and alert a doctor when a patient is in trouble. The sound “invented” as a dramatic device for Snit TREK was exactly what they were looking for! The hospital was sent a tape recording of the sound with STAR TREK’S compliments.

A slightly different example involves the universal translator device used to translate alien languages into English. The concept was analyzed, and when investigation proved that it is, in fact, theoretically possible to make such an instrument, one was created for use on the ship. About seven months later the STAR TREK staff read that the United States Government is working on such a device.

USS Enterprise: Biography of a Ship and Its Crew - Part.2

WEAPONRY

The hand-carried weapons, called “phasers,” are pure energy weapons (as are all offensive weapons in the ship’s arsenal). All phasers emit a beam of energy similar to the light beam emitted by a Laser, but of a pulsating nature that can be “phased” to interfere or interact with the wave pattern of any molecular form. Phaser beams can be fired steadily, in one long burst, or in intermittent “squirts” or “phased” energy. They can be set to dematerialize (converting matter into energy), disrupt (breaking down cohesion), heat (increasing molecular velocity), or stun (neural impact).

There are three types of band-carried phasers. The first and smallest is not much larger than a pack of cigarettes and is worn concealed on a belt under the uniform shirt. It is limited in range, power, and energy charge, and is primarily used when a landing party does not want to be conspicuously armed. For example, during a “friendly call” on a planet.





The second type of phaser is a combination of the small phaser snapped into a pistol mount. The handle of the mount is a power pack that increases the range, power, and energy available. This type of phaser is worn visibly, hanging from a weapons belt at the waist.


The third type is a more powerful phaser rifle, providing even greater range and effectiveness. The hand phasers’ variety of power settings include a wide range of choices that permit the phaser to be used as a cutting torch, welding device, and similar hand tool needs.

Phasers can also be set to “overload,” and can be used in emergencies as a time bomb. This setting causes the power source to build to the point where it explodes. Detonation will destroy the phaser and most natural physical objects within a fifty-yard radius. There is a safety device built into each phaser that emits a characteristic sound as the phaser enters overload condition.
The arsenal of the Enterprise itself includes a battery of ship-mounted phasers, which derive their enormous power directly from the ship’s engines. Multiple units, called phaser banks, are titanic versions of the hand phasers. They are capable of demolishing matter over vast distances.
The Enterprise is equipped with a second type of offensive weapon, called photon torpedos, which are energy pods of matter and anti-matter contained and held temporarily separated in a magno-photon force field. These can be used as torpedos or depth charges, and can be set with electrochemical, proximity, and a variety of other fuses. Photon torpedos can be fired directly at a target, laid out as a mine field, or scattered in an attacker’s path as depth charges.
The Helmsman is also the ship’s Weapons Officer and coordinates phaser fire, using the ship’s navigational aids to scan, track, lock-on, and fire on the Captain’s order.


DEFLECTORS








The Enterprise is equipped with several types of deflectors, one of which is employed as a defensive weapon. This deflector shield does the same thing that steel plating does for a modern-day battleship. It is, in effect, an invisible force barrier around the Enterprise, protecting the vessel from anything but the most sophisticated and powerful of weapons. It is automatically activated by the ship’s sensors and computers when an unknown danger approaches. If the vessel should come under attack, the power of the deflector shield can be increased considerably, but at a commensurate loss to the ships power. At optimum setting, shielding can be maintained for only twenty hours. When the deflector shield (or “screen,” as it is sometimes called) is operating, the ship’s transporters cannot be used, because the force-field barrier completely envelopes the ship.



The Enterprise is also equipped with navigational deflector beams which, triggered by navigational scanners, sweep far ahead of the vessel’s path through space. Reason—at hyperlight speeds, striking even a particle of space dust would pierce the skin of the vessel. The navigational sensors sweep the bath ahead of the ship at distances so great that minimal deflector power is required to divert space debris and other objects from the ship’s path. The vessel’s computers constantly monitor this, aid should too large an asteroid or other object be sensed, the ship will be automatically diverted from a collision course.

While not classified as a weapon, the tractor beam can be used as one. It operates on the reverse principle of the deflector. It is a beam that grabs and pulls, rather than deflecting away. The tractor beam has a maximum range of about 100,000 miles. It can be used to hold a firm position alongside another vessel, pull a smaller vessel toward the Enterprise, or tow another ship out of danger. It can also be used to pull small objects within transporter range, whereupon they can be beamed aboard.


Since space knows no north or south, and no “up” or “down,” directions are given In two planes rather than one. For example, the position of an unidentified object would be expressed as, “unidentified object ahead on a bearing of 37 mark 211.” The “space horizon” is a plane bisecting the galaxy at its widest point, and “zero” horizon is the line from Earth to the center of the galaxy. The vertical plane, “up” and “down,” is at right angles to the galaxy “horizon,” and “zero” on this plane is an imaginary line from the center of the galaxy through its thinnest point to a distant galaxy dubbed Polaris II. Thus the “unidentified object” mentioned previously would be 37 degrees “up” on a vertical plane and 211 degrees “out” on a horizontal plane.


When questioned on this point, Gene said: WHY USE THE WORD “MARK”? WELL, I GUESS IT SOUNDED SEMIMILITARY AND SEMI-NAVIGATIONAL. AS A MATTER OF FACT, YOU’RE THE FIRST PERSON WHO’S EVER QUESTIONED ME ON THAT. EVERYONE ELSE HAS JUST ACCEPTED IT AS THE WAY WE DO IT, YOU’RE BEGINNING TO SHAKE ME UP—IT’S HARD ENOUGH TO THINK UP SOME OF THESE THINGS, MUST LESS HAVING TO EXPLAIN THEM.

Minggu, 08 Februari 2009

“Materi TV Lokal kita dan akibatnya pada Pembentukan Mental”

Di rumah saya memiliki dua TV, satu terletak di ruang keluarga / ruang makan, satu lagi di kamar Ibu saya. Biasanya kalau pulang kantor antara sekitar jam.19.00 – 21.00, anak saya Daniel umur 8 tahun sudah selesai atau sedang belajar dan saya meminta agar TV di ruang utama dimatikan sebab Ibu saya dan PRT di rumah kami senang sekali menonton Sinetron. Kalau saya makan malam dan ingin menonton TV, saya menunggu anak saya Daniel selesai belajar atau mengerjakan tugas sekolahnya. Jadi sambil makan malam, biasanya saya akan menonton film seri Star Trek dari DVD, TV Elshinta, O Channel (bila ada acara Mario Teguh), atau film Science Fiction yang lain yang bisa saya tonton bersama-sama anak saya itu.

Minggu lalu, sepulang kantor kebetulan Ibu saya bilang TV di kamarnya agak rusak, jadi beliau ingin menonton di ruang makan / ruang keluarga. Saya pikir waktu itu tidak terlalu masalah, karena anak saya kebetulan sudah menyelesaikan semua tugas dan belajarnya dari jam.18.00. Saya kebetulan agak lelah dan belum ingin memutar film Star Trek (biasanya saya perlu agak extra energi menerjemahkan teks bahasa Inggris dari DVD ke anak saya sambil menonton). Saya berpikir sekali-sekali mungkin tidak apa-apa, saya ingin tahu seperti apa sih perkembangan per-Sinetron-an kita saat ini yang sudah sangat lama sekali tidak pernah saya tonton.

Saya melihat chanel diarahkan ke salah satu stasiun TV Swasta lokal terbesar di Indonesia. Namun betapa terkejutnya saya, hanya dalam waktu 15 menit, saya sudah melihat tiga adegan bentakan dengan kata-kata kasar, tamparan, bentakan dan jambakan, dan pemain yang terjatuh dan dianiaya oleh dua – tiga orang lainnya dalam sebuah rumah yang sangat mewah. Satu adegan percintaan, yang juga tentu masih belum pantas dilihat oleh anak saya juga. Waktu itu saya jadi kesal dan marah, dan saya memohon pada Ibu saya sambil meminta maaf, saya mau ganti saluran TV nya dengan TV Elshinta yang kebetulan waktu itu sedang ada acara mengenai realita perjuangan hidup seorang cacat yang menghidupi keluarganya dengan berjualan Koran. Suatu kondisi sangat drastis, dari suatu sajian yang menyodorkan mimpi kemewahan diluar akal yang sarat konsumerisme, diganti dengan suasana kesahajaan dalam tingkat terendah yang dijalani oleh sang tokoh realita kehidupan dalam rasa syukur dan perjuangan yang sangat patut di teladani.

Karakter tokoh sinetron tetap sangat simple hitam putih. Orang jahat /keji sekali melawan orang yang sangat sederhana dan baik sekali. Adegan selalu diwarnai dengan adegan saling memaki, saling tampar, dan saling jambak. Akting yang diperagakan adalah mata melotot dan mulut yang sangat manyun di monyong-monyongkan tidak karuan.
Jualan utama infotainment tidak beranjak dari gossip percintaan, perselingkuhan, perceraian dan kekerasan yang melibatkan selebriti. Fakta jadi tidak penting karena infotaintment selalu memborbardir dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan penuh prasangka, seperti: “Ada apa dibalik kematian mantan artis film horror itu? Apakah benar ada aroma pembunuhan disana? “… lalu “Siapakah orang ketiga di balik kisruh rumah tangga Pasha Ungu?” dst nya. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan itu tidak dijawab infotainment, penonton disuruh berprasangka sendiri.

Acara komedi sekarang ini pun mengalami kemunduran. Jika dulu pernah ada acara lawak Bagito Show yang punya gaya lawak cerdas, sekarang hampir semua acara komedi menyajikan humor vulgar. Para pemain komedi lebih banyak memancing tawa dengan komedi slapstick murahan dan mencela kekurangan fisik orang lain sebagai bahan tawa. Saya jadi ingat dulu pernah ada seorang teman di bangku SMA yang punya kebiasaan buruk suka mencela kekurangan fisik temannya sebagai bahan tertawaan. Akibat psikis bagi orang yang tak kuat dicela, dia akan menjadi semakin rendah diri dan kehilangan rasa percaya diri. Saya tidak ingat jelas kapan kebiasaan buruk itu berhenti, mungkin kebiasaan itu agak berkurang setelah teman saya itu sempat di pukuli oleh seseorang yang tidak terima dengan cara bercandanya.

Ironisnya, menurut pengamatan Didin Saharudin dari Spirit TV Watch di Bandung, kebanyakan penonton di Indonesia adalah dominant reader yang mengikuti begitu saja arus media. Mereka mengkonsumsi begitu saja kekerasan, klenik, hiburan, isu politik, perselingkuhan artis; dan paling miris, adalah: adanya suatu peristiwa pembunuhan mutilasi di Jakarta terjadi akibat si pelaku meniru pola pembunuhan mutilasi lain yang di informasikan oleh Televisi. Si Pelaku Pembunuhan Mutilasi “peniru” ini mengaku terinspirasi melakukan itu ketika dia disuguhkan informasi-informasi betapa sulitnya Polisi mengungkap pembunuhan mutilasi yang dilakukan Ryan (pembunuh berantai) dalam membunuh korban-korbannya.
Televisi secara vulgar memberitakan bagaimana Ryan membunuh korban-korbannya, jadilah Televisi kita menjadi “universitas kejahatan”. Sekarang, bayangkan, bagaimana kalau anak-anak kita yang masih belajar dengan menyerap sebanyak-banyaknya informasi, di suguhkan berbagai “sampah kotor” dari tayangan-tayangan televise di atas!?..akan jadi apa anak-anak dan generasi penerus bangsa ini? Apakah kita biarkan mereka dan kita semua di doktrinasi oleh materi televisi yang merusak moral dan melecehkan intelektual!?.. akankah kita biarkan mental bangsa ini dibentuk oleh tayangan-tayangan kejahatan, perpecahan, penipuan, kekerasan, tahayul, klenik serta kata-kata kasar?

Gerakan perlawanan yang dilakukan oleh Yayasan Pengembangan Media Anak (YPMA) sejak 2006 harus kita dukung. Mereka ini mengampanyekan hari tanpa televise menjelang atau setelah Hari Anak tanggal 23 Juli. Ketua YPMA Bobi Guntarto mengatakan kampanye itu untuk mengurangi ketergantungan anak kepada televisi.

Saya pernah melihat sebuah spanduk dipasang di sebuah organisasi kemasyarakatan N.U. di Yogyakarta, 21 Oktober 2008. Spanduk itu berisi tulisan: MALU MENONTON SINETRON. Tapi sayangnya gerakan ini kurang mendapat respons dari masyarakat yang berusaha dilindungi dari dampak negative sinetron dan berbagai tayangan tidak mendidik lainnya di Televisi-Televisi lokal kita. Jika seandainya saja gerakan ini semakin banyak mendapat dukungan masyarakat dan dipikirkan baik-baik oleh pengelola TV swasta kita yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada materialisme saja, niscaya tidak perlu golongan masyarakat cerdas seperti kita ini “ngos-ngosan” melindungi anak-anak dan generasi muda kita dari tayangan yang merusak mental bangsa.
Tapi apa mau di kata? Hampir semua slot jam tayang prime time sudah dibayar penuh oleh pemasang iklan dengan tayangan-tayangan sinetron bertabur mimpi kemewahan dan berbagai aspek negative yang saya ceritakan diatas (malu dan jijik saya mengetiknya kembali).

Teman-teman pembaca pasti menduga, saya pasti mau menggiring ke arah kesimpulan bahwa Star Trek adalah tayangan yang paling baik. Saya tidak mau mendikte pembaca atau mendoktrinasi Anda yang cerdas dan kritis ini. Anda bisa melihat dan memutuskan sendiri dari semua ulasan saya diatas, apakah saya mau mendoktrin Anda atau mau mengungkap fakta untuk di analisa kritis secara bersama.

Yang jelas, saat ini anak saya Daniel umur 8 tahun, justru seringkali bertanya kalau menonton TV kenapa saya tidak segera memutar film Star Trek kesayangannya. Dia di umurnya saat ini sudah mulai bertanya tentang Fisika Quantum, Kecepatan Cahaya, susunan tata surya, galaxy dan lain sebagainya yang mungkin baru akan di dapatkan di sekolah beberapa tahun lagi. Tapi dia begitu antusiasnya bertanya mengenai hal-hal science ini dan walaupun harus mengingat pelajaran-pelajaran Fisika, Ilmu Alam dan Matematika, saya senang menerangkannya kepada anak saya itu mengenai semua hal science dibalik film Star Trek.

Saya jadi berpikir, apakah mungkin Amerika Serikat jadi Negara Adidaya yang sangat maju dalam eksplorasi Luar Angkasa dikarenakan anak-anak mereka sejak kecil dibiasakan berpikir kritis dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan science seperti ini? Semoga saja anak-anak bangsa kita dimasa akan datang dapat “ketularan” anak-anak di Negara maju menjadi anak-anak yang kritis dalam hal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan menjadi problem solver handal antara lain karena jenis tayangan TV yang mencerdaskan dan pola pendidikan keluarga yang benar..